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What do Prot Warriors Gem/Enchant?
Stam? Def? eh?
Also the defense need at 80 is 540 (base)?
Answering in backwards order: Defense needed for raids (level 83 boss) is 540. For heroics (level 82 boss), it's 535.
Prot Warriors tend to gem stam almost exclusively in raids. There are some exceptions of course. If you're under the defense minimum, you can throw in a green gem or two to reach it. If you're having trouble with threat/DPS, you can throw in some stam/hit or stam/expertise gems. But the general rule would be to stack EH for challenging content - load up on blue gems and use one purple to activate your +32 stam/2% armor meta.
In heroics, you can gem whatever you want once you start to outgear them (~1 week if you're running for a lot of triumph gear) - I had a fury set I would throw on for a while that was non-defense capped and gemmed straight ArPen. I would use it in any heroics except for HoR -- *if* I knew the healer. :)
When you're gearing up - remember it's easy to get Triumph badges, and once you max out triumph gear, the 226 conquest gear is better than stuff you'll get out of heroics.